Understanding Chronic Pain Beyond Physical Injury
22 Apr 2026
Dr Adele Stewart highlights that modern pain science shows pain is not just a physical signal. It is a personal experience shaped by the body, mind, and social factors. This means pain can still be real even when scans or tests look normal.
The updated definition from the International Association for the Study of Pain describes pain as both a physical and emotional experience linked to real or possible tissue damage. It also explains that pain is influenced by life experiences and cannot always be explained by biology alone.
Chronic pain, usually lasting more than three months, is now understood as a complex condition. It can involve changes in how the nervous system processes signals, meaning the brain may become more sensitive over time.
The article notes that about one in five Australians live with chronic pain. It is more common in women, older people, and those in rural or disadvantaged communities. It also often occurs alongside other health issues like anxiety, depression, and heart disease.
Dr Stewart says the main goal of treatment is not only to reduce pain but to improve daily function and quality of life. Helping patients understand their pain is also very important, as many people believe pain always means damage.
Doctors are encouraged to use clear explanations, support active recovery, and avoid focusing only on scan results. Treatments such as gentle exercise, psychology support, good sleep, and stress management can all help.
Medicines may be used, but they are not always enough on their own. Long-term opioid use is discouraged because it can cause harm and may not improve chronic pain.
The article also stresses the importance of teamwork between GPs, physiotherapists, psychologists, and other health workers. Consistent advice from all providers helps patients feel more confident and supported.
Dr Stewart concludes that good pain care combines medical knowledge with empathy. Supporting patients to understand their pain and live better lives is just as important as reducing symptoms.
https://www1.racgp.org.au/
Source: Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (article by Dr Adele Stewart)