Why Hormone Health Matters as We Age
29 Oct 2026
Hormone production shifts over time, with levels varying at different ages and stages of life.Puberty, the years leading up to menopause and older age all bring changes that can affect how the body functions. These changes occur in both women and men, although their patterns and effects differ.
Hormones play different roles in women and men
During each menstrual cycle, hormone levels rise and fall. During the menstrual cycle, estradiol helps build the uterine lining, while progesterone supports its preparation for implantation.
In men, testosterone supports sexual development, sperm production and sexual function. Testosterone increases during puberty and usually declines slowly as men get older.
Hormonal disorders can affect fertility in both sexes. In women, certain conditions may make pregnancy harder to achieve or increase the risk of complications. In men, low testosterone can reduce sexual desire and affect sperm count and movement.
What women may experience around menopause
During menopause, the ovaries produce much lower levels of reproductive hormones.Progesterone levels often fall during the transition, followed by a substantial decline in oestrogen after menopause.
During menopause, women may experience sudden heat, sweating at night and trouble sleeping.Some men may notice changes in their mood, feel more tired and struggle to concentrate.
There are other health considerations. After menopause, reduced oestrogen can speed up bone loss. This stage of life is also linked to changes in heart health and the body's metabolism.
Recognising low testosterone in men
Testosterone does not decline at the same rate in every man. Some develop levels below the normal range and experience symptoms, while others do not notice significant changes.
In men, low testosterone can influence sexual health, muscle strength and fat distribution.Some men may also experience tiredness, low mood, reduced drive and lower bone density.
Research has identified links between low testosterone and metabolic conditions, including type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Some studies have also reported an association with higher mortality. However, these associations do not confirm that low testosterone is the direct cause of these conditions.
Knowing when to get checked
Hormone levels change with age, but ongoing symptoms that disrupt everyday activities should be checked by a doctor. A doctor can assess the person's medical history, symptoms and test results to determine whether a hormonal problem may be contributing to their condition.
Hormonal health remains relevant long after the reproductive years. Recognising significant changes and seeking appropriate advice can help people better understand their health as they age.
Why Hormone Health Matters as We Age
Sources
PubMed – Menstrual cycle hormones
Springer Nature – Testosterone and male reproductive health
PubMed – Menopause and cardiovascular risk
Nature – Testosterone deficiency and health risks