Researchers explore new treatments for recurrent bacterial vaginosis
01 Oct 2026
A team from Monash University and Bayside Health’s Melbourne Sexual Health Centre is studying longer antibiotic treatments and new combinations designed to target bacteria linked to persistent BV.
The study, published in The Lancet Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Women’s Health, identified two possible reasons why BV can return: reinfection and bacteria that remain after treatment.
Researchers suggest that people who still have BV after treatment may benefit from more intensive, female-focused treatment before sexual activity resumes.
BV is the most common vaginal condition among women of reproductive age and affects about one in four people worldwide. More than half of women treated for BV experience another episode within three to six months. For women with an ongoing regular partner, recurrence rates can be 60–80%.
The new research follows a 2025 study by the same team, which found evidence that BV can be sexually transmitted. That study also found that treating male partners at the same time reduced BV recurrence in women by more than 60%.
Lead researcher Dr Lenka Vodstrcil said the latest findings build on the earlier research and could help researchers develop more targeted treatments.
She said some women may have BV bacteria that remain after initial treatment and can lead to another episode when sexual activity resumes.
Researchers said future approaches could include longer antibiotic courses, combinations of antimicrobial treatments, or treatments designed to disrupt BV biofilms and support healthy vaginal bacteria.
Dr Sara Whitburn, Chair of RACGP Specific Interests Sexual Health Medicine, said recurrent BV can have a significant effect on people’s self-esteem, sexual lives and relationships.
She said the reasons why BV continues or returns in many women are not fully understood. An association has also been observed between recurrent BV and IUD use, particularly copper IUDs.
Dr Whitburn said antibiotic treatment needs to be balanced against concerns such as antimicrobial resistance and changes to the vaginal microbiome.
She said there is currently no change to advice for GPs managing BV, but clinicians may consider learning more about concurrent male-partner treatment.
She also encouraged GPs to stay informed about research and clinical trials, as further evidence is needed to improve treatment for recurrent BV.
Researchers explore new treatments for recurrent bacterial vaginosis
Source: RACGP newsGP