GLP-1 Medications Linked to Increased Risk of Unplanned Pregnancy
10 Sep 2025
A new Australian study has highlighted a potential connection between the use of GLP-1 medications and unplanned pregnancies.
Researchers from Flinders University have raised concerns that many women taking glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists may not be aware of the risks of unplanned pregnancy or potential effects on a developing baby.
The study analysed data from over 1.6 million women aged 18–49 who visited general practices between 2011 and 2022. Among the 18,010 women first prescribed GLP-1 medications, only 21% reported using contraception, and 2.2% became pregnant within six months of starting treatment.
GLP-1 receptor agonists, including semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro), are increasingly prescribed for type 2 diabetes and weight management. Most women prescribed these medications are not diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, suggesting many are using them for weight loss.
Experts warn that GLP-1 medications can affect fertility, particularly in women with conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome, and may also reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives due to delayed absorption. Animal studies have shown potential risks to fetal growth and bone development if exposed during pregnancy, although human data is limited.
Dr Ka-Kiu Cheung, Chair of RACGP Specific Interests Antenatal and Postnatal Care, said the findings are a “good reminder” for GPs to discuss reproductive health plans when prescribing GLP-1 medications. She emphasised that GPs should proactively talk about contraception, document pregnancy intentions, and provide pre-conception guidance.
Dr Terri-Lynne South, Chair of RACGP Specific Interests Obesity Management, also stressed the importance of GPs advising women to stop GLP-1 therapy at least two months before attempting to conceive.
Both experts agree that while GLP-1 medications can be effective for diabetes and weight management, they are not risk-free during pregnancy, and careful family planning discussions are essential.
(Source: Flinders University, 2025)
